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Layered Operating System

  Layered Operating System Layered Structure is a type of system structure in which the different services of the  operating system  are split into various layers, where each layer has a specific well-defined task to perform . It was created to improve the pre-existing structures like the Monolithic structure ( UNIX ) and the Simple structure ( MS-DOS ). Example –  The Windows NT operating system uses this layered approach as a part of it . Design Analysis : The whole Operating System is separated into several layers ( from 0 to n ) as the diagram shows. Each of the layers must have its own specific function to perform. There are some rules in the implementation of the layers as follows. The outermost layer must be the User Interface layer. The innermost layer must be the Hardware layer. A particular layer can access all the layers present below it but it cannot access the layers present above it. That is layer n-1 can access all the layers from n-2 to 0 but it canno...
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Monolithic Architecture

  Monolithic Architecture Monolith means composed all in one piece. The  Monolithic  application describes a single-tiered  software  application in which different components combined into a single program from a single platform. Components can be: Authorization — responsible for authorizing a user Presentation — responsible for handling HTTP requests and responding with either HTML or JSON/XML (for web services APIs). Business logic — the application’s business logic. Database layer — data access objects responsible for accessing the database. Application integration — integration with other services (e.g. via messaging or REST API). Or integration with any other Data sources. Notification module — responsible for sending email notifications whenever needed. Example for Monolithic Approach Consider an example of Ecommerce application, that authorizes customer, takes an order, check products inventory, authorize payment and ships ordered products. This applicat...
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System structure operating architecture

  System structure operating  architecture An operating system is a construct that allows the user application programs to interact with the system hardware. Since the operating system is such a complex structure, it should be created with utmost care so it can be used and modified easily. An easy way to do this is to create the operating system in parts. Each of these parts should be well defined with clear inputs, outputs and functions. Simple Structure There are many operating systems that have a rather simple structure. These started as small systems and rapidly expanded much further than their scope. A common example of this is MS-DOS. It was designed simply for a niche amount for people. There was no indication that it would become so popular. An image to illustrate the structure of MS-DOS is as follows − It is better that operating systems have a modular structure, unlike MS-DOS. That would lead to greater control over the computer system and its various applications. T...
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Batch Processing Operating System

  Batch processing system ·           Batch processing is one of the oldest method    of running the programs ·           The computer in the past were very large in size and their I/O devices were very different from those that are used today. The job processing was not interactive as it is today. ·           The user did not interact directly with computer system.   ·           The process scheduling , memory management, file management and I/Omanagement functions are quite simple in batch processing system   1.         Process scheduling (i.e. allocation strategy for a processor is typically in order of their arrival i.e. first come first served(FCFS)basis.   2.         Memory management  is done by divi...
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Multitasking System

  Multitasking system ·           Technically , multitasking is same as multi programming ·           In a multitasking operating system, s single user can execute multiple programs at the same time ·           We can also say, multitasking is the system capability to work on more than one job or process at the same time. ·           It means that whenever a job needs to perform I/O operation, the cpu can be used for execting some other job                                                        diagram of multi tasking     ·           There are two type of multitasking : 1.       ...
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