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Monolithic Architecture

  Monolithic Architecture Monolith means composed all in one piece. The  Monolithic  application describes a single-tiered  software  application in which different components combined into a single program from a single platform. Components can be: Authorization — responsible for authorizing a user Presentation — responsible for handling HTTP requests and responding with either HTML or JSON/XML (for web services APIs). Business logic — the application’s business logic. Database layer — data access objects responsible for accessing the database. Application integration — integration with other services (e.g. via messaging or REST API). Or integration with any other Data sources. Notification module — responsible for sending email notifications whenever needed. Example for Monolithic Approach Consider an example of Ecommerce application, that authorizes customer, takes an order, check products inventory, authorize payment and ships ordered products. This applicat...

Micro kernel architecture

  Micro kernel  architecture What is Kernel? A kernel is an important part of an OS that manages system resources. It also acts as a bridge between the software and hardware of the computer. It is one of the first program which is loaded on start-up after the bootloader. The Kernel is also responsible for offering secure access to the machine's hardware for various programs. It also decides when and how long a certain application uses specific hardware. What is Microkernel? Microkernel  is a software or code which contains the required minimum amount of functions, data, and features to implement an operating system. It provides a minimal number of mechanisms, which is good enough to run the most basic functions of an operating system. It allows other parts of the operating system to be implemented as it does not impose a lot of policies. Microkernels and their user environments are usually implemented in the C++ or C programming languages with a little bit of assembly. Ho...

Time Sharing System and its Requirements

  Time sharing  system ·           Time sharing refers to the allocation of computer resources in a time dependent fashion to several program simultaneously ·           A time sharing system has many user terminals that are connected to same computer simultaneously. Using these terminal, different users can work on a system at the same time ·           Thus, it uses multi programming with a special CPU scheduling among all the last one, and then again beginning from the first one ·           In time sharing system, the CPU time is divided among all the users on schedule basis. ·           It release the CPU under any of the following three conditions: 1.         When the allotted time slice expires. 2.    ...

Service provided By An Operating System.

  List of five service provided by an operating system. Explain how  each provides convenience to users?     The main purpose of operating system is to provide environment for the execution of programs. Thus an operating system provides certain services to program and the users of those programs. However , different operating system can provide different set of service. Some of the basis services provided by operating system are: 1.         Program execution ·          Operating system provides a convenient environment where users can run their programs ·          The operating system performs memory allocation to programs, load them into appropriate location so that they can execute. The users need not to worry about all these tasks.   2.         I/O Operation ·        ...

Thread

Thread What is Thread? A thread is a flow of execution through the process code, with its own program counter that keeps track of which instruction to execute next, system registers which hold its current working variables, and a stack which contains the execution history. A thread shares with its peer threads few information like code segment, data segment and open files. When one thread alters a code segment memory item, all other threads see that. A thread is also called a  lightweight process . Threads provide a way to improve application performance through parallelism. Threads represent a software approach to improving performance of operating system by reducing the overhead thread is equivalent to a classical process. Each thread belongs to exactly one process and no thread can exist outside a process. Each thread represents a separate flow of control. Threads have been successfully used in implementing network servers and web server. They also provide a suitable foundation ...