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Defination of OS(operating system) and its concepts

    What do you mean by operating system?     Definition :  An operating system is a program that act as an interface between the user of a computer and the                                      Computer hardware. Operating system is a first program that gets loaded into the memory through a process called booting. Concepts of operating system : ·                       The purpose of operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute program in a convenient and efficient manner. ·                       Operating system is an integrated set of program that ma...
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Process Termination or destroy a process

  Process Termination or destroy a process Processes may request their own termination by making the  exit( )  system call, typically returning an int. This int is passed along to the parent if it is doing a  wait( ) , and is typically zero on successful completion and some non-zero code in the event of problems. child code: int exitCode; exit( exitCode ); // return exitCode; has the same effect when executed from main( ) parent code: pid_t pid; int status pid = wait( &status ); // pid indicates which child exited. exitCode in low-order bits of status // macros can test the high-order bits of status for why it stopped Processes may also be terminated by the system for a variety of reasons, including: The inability of the system to deliver necessary system resources. In response to a KILL command, or other un handled process interrupt. A parent may kill its children if the task a...
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Layered Operating System

  Layered Operating System Layered Structure is a type of system structure in which the different services of the  operating system  are split into various layers, where each layer has a specific well-defined task to perform . It was created to improve the pre-existing structures like the Monolithic structure ( UNIX ) and the Simple structure ( MS-DOS ). Example –  The Windows NT operating system uses this layered approach as a part of it . Design Analysis : The whole Operating System is separated into several layers ( from 0 to n ) as the diagram shows. Each of the layers must have its own specific function to perform. There are some rules in the implementation of the layers as follows. The outermost layer must be the User Interface layer. The innermost layer must be the Hardware layer. A particular layer can access all the layers present below it but it cannot access the layers present above it. That is layer n-1 can access all the layers from n-2 to 0 but it canno...
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Multi processing system

  Multi processing system ·           Multi processesor system is the sytem that contain two or more processors or CPUS and has ability to simultaneously execute     several programs. Hence the name multi-processor In such a system, multiple processor share the clock, bus, memory and peripheral devices. ·           A multi processor system is also known as parallel system ·           Multi processor system are categorized into two different types:                single user operating system    2.        Multi user operating system   3.         Batch processing operating system 4.        Multi programming operating system   5.       Multi tasking operating sy...
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Micro kernel architecture

  Micro kernel  architecture What is Kernel? A kernel is an important part of an OS that manages system resources. It also acts as a bridge between the software and hardware of the computer. It is one of the first program which is loaded on start-up after the bootloader. The Kernel is also responsible for offering secure access to the machine's hardware for various programs. It also decides when and how long a certain application uses specific hardware. What is Microkernel? Microkernel  is a software or code which contains the required minimum amount of functions, data, and features to implement an operating system. It provides a minimal number of mechanisms, which is good enough to run the most basic functions of an operating system. It allows other parts of the operating system to be implemented as it does not impose a lot of policies. Microkernels and their user environments are usually implemented in the C++ or C programming languages with a little bit of assembly. Ho...
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